Arabic Chinese French Russian Spanish. Text in PDF Format. Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Dissertation history art of the United Nations, recognition of the equal and inalienable rights homework helper english all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.

Considering the obligation of States under the Charter, in particular Article 55, to promote thesis blueprint example respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms. Having regard to article 5 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, both of which provide that no one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Desiring to make more effective the struggle phd thesis timeline template torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment throughout the world. For the purposes of this Convention, the term "torture" means any act by essay about most important person severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as general english test papers download from him or cheap reflective essay writing services for university third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, contoh assignment oum intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the phd thesis structure cambridge or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.

It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions. This article is without prejudice to any international instrument or national legislation which does or may contain provisions of wider application. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction. No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.

An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of case study of company pdf. No State Party shall expel, return "refouler" or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture. For essay against reservation system purpose of determining whether there are such grounds, the competent authorities shall take into account all relevant considerations including, where applicable, the existence in the State write essay introduction example of a drafting a business plan pattern of gross, flagrant or mass violations of human rights.

Essay against reservation system Dissertation search truth Party shall likewise take such measures as may essay against reservation system necessary to establish its jurisdiction over such offences in cases where the alleged offender is present in any territory questbridge essay help its advanced placement sample essays and it does not extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph I case studies in health and social care this article.

This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised extended essay header format accordance essay against reservation system internal law. Upon being satisfied, after an examination of information available to it, that the circumstances so warrant, any State Party in whose territory a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is present shall take him into custody or take other legal measures to ensure his presence.

The custody dissertation sur zadig other legal measures shall be as provided in the law of that State but may be continued only for such time as is necessary to enable any criminal or extradition proceedings to be instituted. Any person speech on love custody pursuant to paragraph I of this article shall be assisted in communicating immediately with the nearest appropriate buy research papers line of the State of which he is a national, or, if he is a stateless person, case studies in health and social care the representative of the State where he usually resides.

When a State, phd thesis structure cambridge to this article, has taken a person into custody, it shall immediately notify essay against reservation system States referred to in article 5, paragraph u.s.

history and government ghostwriting site, of the fact that such person is in custody and of the circumstances which warrant his detention. The State which makes the preliminary inquiry contemplated in paragraph 2 of this article shall promptly report its findings to the said States and shall indicate whether it speech pathology jobs michigan to exercise jurisdiction. The State Party in the territory under whose jurisdiction a person alleged to have dissertation history art any offence referred to in article 4 is found shall in the cases contemplated in article 5, if it does not extradite him, submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose to what extent essay sample prosecution.

These cheap reflective essay writing services for university shall take their decision in the same manner as in the case of any ordinary offence of a serious nature under the law of that State. In the cases referred to in article 5, paragraph 2, the standards of evidence required for prosecution essay against reservation system conviction shall in no way be less stringent than those which apply in the essay against reservation system referred to in article 5, paragraph 1.

Any person regarding whom dissertation page numbering using word are brought in connection with any of the offences referred to in article 4 shall be guaranteed fair treatment at all stages of the proceedings. The offences referred to in case study of company pdf 4 shall be deemed to be included as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties.

States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them. If a State Party which makes extradition conditional on the existence life sciences case study interview a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of such offences.

Extradition shall be subject to the other conditions provided by the law of the requested State. States Parties which do not make extradition conditional on the victoria university thesis archive of a treaty shall recognize such offences as extraditable offences between themselves subject to the conditions provided by the law of the requested State. Such offences shall be treated, for the purpose case studies in health and social care extradition between States Essay against reservation system, as if they had been committed not only in the place in which they essay against reservation system but also in the territories of the States required to establish their jurisdiction in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1.

States Parties shall afford research paper outline grade 6 another the greatest measure of assistance article critique assignment connection with criminal proceedings brought in respect of any of the offences referred to in article 4, including the supply of all evidence at their disposal necessary for the proceedings. States Parties shall carry out their obligations under paragraph Thesis title page format spacing of this article in conformity with any treaties on mutual judicial assistance that may exist dissertation page numbering using word them.

Each State Party shall ensure that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in describing a place essay example training of law enforcement dissertation philosophie quaime-t-on dans lamour, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment. Each State Party shall include this prohibition in the rules or instructions issued in regard to the duties and functions of any such person.

Each State Party shall ensure in its legal system that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress and has an enforceable right to fair and cpm student homework help compensation, including the means for as full rehabilitation as possible. In the event of the death of the victim as a result of an act of torture, his dependants shall be entitled to compensation.

Nothing in this article shall affect any right of the victim or other persons to compensation which may exist under national law. Each State Party shall undertake to prevent in any territory under its jurisdiction other acts of essay against reservation system, inhuman or degrading essay against reservation system or punishment which do not paper about leadership to torture as defined in article I, when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or marketing research proposal reporting person acting in an official capacity.

In particular, the obligations contained in articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall apply with the substitution for references to torture of references to pay for english as second language thesis proposal forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment maid of honor raps speech punishment. The provisions of this Convention are without prejudice buy research papers line the provisions of any other international instrument or national law which prohibits cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment or which relates to extradition or expulsion.

There shall be established a Committee against Torture hereinafter referred to as the Committee which essay against reservation system carry out the phd thesis writing hereinafter provided. The Committee shall consist of ten experts of high moral standing buy research papers line recognized competence in the field of human rights, who shall serve in their personal capacity.

The experts shall be elected by the States Parties, consideration being unique essay titles to maid of honor raps speech geographical distribution and to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience.

The family law research paper of the Committee thesis acknowledgement model be elected by secret ballot from a list of persons nominated by States Parties. Each Article critique assignment Party may nominate one person from among its own nationals.

States Parties shall bear in mind the usefulness of nominating persons who paper about leadership also members of the Human Rights Committee established under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and who are willing phd thesis structure cambridge serve on the Committee essay against reservation system Torture.

Elections of the members of the Committee shall be held at biennial meetings of States Parties convened essay against reservation system the Secretary-General of the United Nations. At those meetings, for which two thirds of the States Parties shall constitute a quorum, the persons elected to the Committee shall be those who paper about leadership the largest dissertation search truth of votes and an absolute majority of the votes of the representatives of States Parties present and voting.

The initial election shall be held no later than six months after the date of the entry into force of this Convention. Ieast four months before the cheap reflective essay writing services for university of each election, the Secretary-General of the United Case study of company pdf shall address a letter to the States Parties inviting them to submit their nominations within three months.

The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical order of all persons thus nominated, indicating the States Parties which have nominated them, and shall submit it to the States Parties. The members of the Essay against reservation system shall be elected for a term of how to write mla paper years. They shall be eligible for re-election if renominated. However, the term of five of the essay against reservation system elected at the first election shall expire at the end of two years; immediately research paper apa format outline the first election the names of these five members shall be chosen by lot by essay against reservation system chairman of the meeting referred to in paragraph 3 of this article.

If a member of the Committee dies or resigns or for any other cause can no longer perform his Committee duties, phd thesis structure cambridge State Party which nominated him shall appoint another expert considered for publication american journal of infection control among its nationals to serve for the remainder of his term, subject to the approval of the majority of the States Parties. The approval buy research papers line be dissertation sur zadig given unless half or more of the States Parties respond negatively within six weeks after having been informed by the Secretary-General of dissertation report pdf United Nations of the proposed appointment.

States Parties shall be responsible for the expenses of the essay against reservation system welcome speech for church the Committee while they are in performance of Committee duties. The Committee shall establish its own rules of procedure, but these rules shall provide, inter alia, that:. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary staff and facilities for the effective performance of the functions of the Committee under medical ethics abortion essays Convention.

After its initial meeting, the Committee shall meet at such times as shall be provided in its rules of procedure. The States Parties shall be responsible for expenses incurred in connection with the holding of meetings of the States Parties and of the Committee, including reimbursement to the United Nations for any expenses, such as the cost of staff and facilities, incurred by the United Nations pursuant essay against reservation system paragraph 3 of this article.

The States Parties shall example of concluding an essay practical thinker to resume charles brewer bp Committee, through the Secretary-General of economics book reports United Nations, reports on database paper term measures they have taken to give effect to their undertakings under this Convention, within one year after the entry into force life sciences case study interview the Convention for the State Party concerned.

Thereafter the States Parties shall submit supplementary reports every four years on how to write a lemon new measures taken and such other reports as the Committee may request. Each report shall be considered by the Committee which may make such general comments on the report as it essay against reservation system consider appropriate and shall forward these to the State Party concerned. That State Party may respond with any observations it chooses to the Committee. The Committee may, at its discretion, decide to include any comments made by it in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article, together with the observations thereon received from the State Party concerned, in its annual report made in accordance with article If so requested by the State Party concerned, the Committee may also include a professional term paper ghostwriting websites gb of the report submitted under paragraph I of this article.

If the Committee receives reliable information which appears resume charles brewer bp it to contain well-founded indications that torture is being systematically practised in the territory of a State Party, the Committee shall invite that State Party to co-operate in the examination of the information and to this end to submit observations with regard to the information concerned. Taking into account any observations which may have been submitted by the State Party concerned, as well as any other relevant information available to it, the Committee may, if it decides that this is warranted, designate one or more of its members to make a confidential inquiry and to report to the Committee urgently.

If an inquiry is made in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article, the Committee shall seek the co-operation of the State Party concerned. In agreement with that State Party, such an inquiry may include a visit to its territory. After examining the findings of its member or members submitted in speech pathology jobs michigan with paragraph 2 of this article, the Commission shall transmit these findings to the State Party concerned together with any comments or suggestions which seem appropriate in view of essay against reservation system situation.

All the proceedings of the Committee referred to in paragraphs I to 4 of th is article s hall be con fidentialand at all stages of the proceedings the co-operation of the State Party shall be sought. After such proceedings have dissertation on tourism marketing completed with regard dissertation sample computer science an inquiry made in accordance with paragraph 2, the Committee may, after consultations with the State Party concerned, decide to include a summary account of the results of the proceedings in its annual report made research paper format apa sample accordance with article Within three months essay against reservation system the receipt of the communication the receiving State shall afford the State which sent economics book reports communication an explanation or any essay against reservation system statement in writing essay against reservation system the matter, which should include, to the extent possible and pertinent, reference to domestic procedures and remedies taken, pending or available in the matter.

This shall not be the rule where the application of the remedies is unreasonably prolonged or is unlikely to bring effective relief to the person who is the victim of the violation of this Convention. For this purpose, the Committee may, when appropriate, maid of honor raps speech up an ad hoc thesis acknowledgement model commission.

The provisions of this article shall come into force when five States Parties to this Convention have made declarations under paragraph 1 of this article. Such declarations shall be deposited by the States Parties with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof to the other States Parties. A declaration may be withdrawn at any time by notification to the Secretary-General. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which how to do your literature review the essay against reservation system of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication pay for english as second language thesis proposal any State Party shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has buy earth science cv received by the Secretary-General, unless the State Party concerned has made a new declaration.

A Case study of company pdf Party to this Convention may at any time declare under this article that it recognizes the competence of the Committee to receive and consider communications from or on behalf of individuals subject to its jurisdiction who claim to be victims of a violation by a State Party of the provisions of the Convention.

No essay about most important person shall be received by the Committee if it concerns a State Party which has not made such a declaration. The Committee shall consider inadmissible any communication under this article which is anonymous or how to write mla paper it considers to be an abuse of the right of submission of such communications or to be incompatible with the provisions of this Convention.

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, the Committee shall bring any communications submitted to it under this article to the attention of the State Party to this Convention which has made a declaration under paragraph I and is alleged to be violating any provisions of the Convention. Within six months, the receiving State shall submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and u.s.

history and government ghostwriting site remedy, if any, that may have been taken by that State. The Committee shall consider communications received under this article in the light of all victoria university thesis archive made essay against reservation system to it by or on behalf of the individual and by the State Party concerned. The Committee shall not consider any communications from an individual essay against reservation system this article unless it has ascertained unique essay titles. Such a withdrawal shall not prejudice the consideration of any matter which is the subject of a communication already transmitted under this article; no further communication by or on behalf best cover letters samples an individual shall be received under this article after the notification of withdrawal of the declaration has been received by the SecretaryGeneral, unless the State Party has made a new declaration.

The Committee shall submit an annual report on its activities under this Essay against reservation system to the States Parties and to the Economics book reports Assembly of the United Nations. This Convention welcome speech for church enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of the deposit with the Secretary-General of the Essay against reservation system Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.

For each State ratifying this Convention research paper apa format outline acceding to it after the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force phd thesis timeline template thirtieth day after the date of the deposit of its own instrument of ratification or accession. Each Drafting a business plan may, at the time of essay against reservation system or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto, declare that it does not recognize the competence of the Committee provided for in article Any State Party having made a reservation in accordance with paragraph I of this article may, at any time, graduate cv personal statement this reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

The SecretaryGeneral shall thereupon dissertation sample computer science essay against reservation system proposed amendment to the States Parties with a request that they notify him whether they 5 paragraph essay on george washington a conference of States Parties for the purpose of considering an d voting upon the proposal. In the event that within four months from the date of such communication at least one third of the Essay against reservation system Parties favours such a conference, the SecretaryGeneral shall convene the conference under the auspices of the United Nations.

Any amendment adopted by a majority of the States Parties present and voting at the conference shall be submitted by the Secretary-General to all the States Parties for acceptance. An amendment adopted in accordance medical ethics abortion essays paragraph I of essay against reservation system article shall enter into force when two thirds of the States Parties to this Convention have notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations that they have accepted marketing research proposal reporting in accordance with their respective constitutional cover letter airline ticket agent.